perlapi

autogenerated documentation for the perl public API 

Miscellaneous Information


DESCRIPTION

This file contains the documentation of the perl public API generated by embed.pl, specifically a listing of functions, macros, flags, and variables that may be used by extension writers. The interfaces of any functions that are not listed here are subject to change without notice. For this reason, blindly using functions listed in proto.h is to be avoided when writing extensions.

Note that all Perl API global variables must be referenced with the PL_ prefix. Some macros are provided for compatibility with the older, unadorned names, but this support may be disabled in a future release.

The listing is alphabetical, case insensitive.

AvFILL 

Same as av_len(). Deprecated, use av_len() instead.

	int	AvFILL(AV* av)
av_clear 

Clears an array, making it empty. Does not free the memory used by the array itself.

	void	av_clear(AV* ar)
av_extend 

Pre-extend an array. The key is the index to which the array should be extended.

	void	av_extend(AV* ar, I32 key)
av_fetch 

Returns the SV at the specified index in the array. The key is the index. If lval is set then the fetch will be part of a store. Check that the return value is non-null before dereferencing it to a SV*.

See Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays in the perlguts reference page for more information on how to use this function on tied arrays.

	SV**	av_fetch(AV* ar, I32 key, I32 lval)
av_len 

Returns the highest index in the array. Returns -1 if the array is empty.

	I32	av_len(AV* ar)
av_make 

Creates a new AV and populates it with a list of SVs. The SVs are copied into the array, so they may be freed after the call to av_make. The new AV will have a reference count of 1.

	AV*	av_make(I32 size, SV** svp)
av_pop 

Pops an SV off the end of the array. Returns &PL_sv_undef if the array is empty.

	SV*	av_pop(AV* ar)
av_push 

Pushes an SV onto the end of the array. The array will grow automatically to accommodate the addition.

	void	av_push(AV* ar, SV* val)
av_shift 

Shifts an SV off the beginning of the array.

	SV*	av_shift(AV* ar)
av_store 

Stores an SV in an array. The array index is specified as key. The return value will be NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not need to be actually stored within the array (as in the case of tied arrays). Otherwise it can be dereferenced to get the original SV*. Note that the caller is responsible for suitably incrementing the reference count of val before the call, and decrementing it if the function returned NULL.

See Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays in the perlguts reference page for more information on how to use this function on tied arrays.

	SV**	av_store(AV* ar, I32 key, SV* val)
av_undef 

Undefines the array. Frees the memory used by the array itself.

	void	av_undef(AV* ar)
av_unshift 

Unshift the given number of undef values onto the beginning of the array. The array will grow automatically to accommodate the addition. You must then use av_store to assign values to these new elements.

	void	av_unshift(AV* ar, I32 num)
call_argv 

Performs a callback to the specified Perl sub. See perlcall.

NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.

	I32	call_argv(const char* sub_name, I32 flags, char** argv)
call_method 

Performs a callback to the specified Perl method. The blessed object must be on the stack. See perlcall.

NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.

	I32	call_method(const char* methname, I32 flags)
call_pv 

Performs a callback to the specified Perl sub. See perlcall.

NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.

	I32	call_pv(const char* sub_name, I32 flags)
call_sv 

Performs a callback to the Perl sub whose name is in the SV. See perlcall.

NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.

	I32	call_sv(SV* sv, I32 flags)
CLASS 

Variable which is setup by xsubpp to indicate the class name for a C++ XS constructor. This is always a char*. See THIS.

	char*	CLASS
Copy 

The XSUB-writer's interface to the C memcpy function. The src is the source, dest is the destination, nitems is the number of items, and type is the type. May fail on overlapping copies. See also Move.

	void	Copy(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
croak 

This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's die function. Use this function the same way you use the C printf function. See warn.

	void	croak(const char* pat, ...)
CvSTASH 

Returns the stash of the CV.

	HV*	CvSTASH(CV* cv)
dMARK 

Declare a stack marker variable, mark, for the XSUB. See MARK and dORIGMARK.

		dMARK;
dORIGMARK 

Saves the original stack mark for the XSUB. See ORIGMARK.

		dORIGMARK;
dSP 

Declares a local copy of perl's stack pointer for the XSUB, available via the SP macro. See SP.

		dSP;
dXSARGS 

Sets up stack and mark pointers for an XSUB, calling dSP and dMARK. This is usually handled automatically by xsubpp. Declares the items variable to indicate the number of items on the stack.

		dXSARGS;
dXSI32 

Sets up the ix variable for an XSUB which has aliases. This is usually handled automatically by xsubpp.

		dXSI32;
ENTER 

Opening bracket on a callback. See LEAVE and perlcall.

		ENTER;
eval_pv 

Tells Perl to eval the given string and return an SV* result.

NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.

	SV*	eval_pv(const char* p, I32 croak_on_error)
eval_sv 

Tells Perl to eval the string in the SV.

NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.

	I32	eval_sv(SV* sv, I32 flags)
EXTEND 

Used to extend the argument stack for an XSUB's return values. Once used, guarrantees that there is room for at least nitems to be pushed onto the stack.

	void	EXTEND(SP, int nitems)
fbm_compile 

Analyses the string in order to make fast searches on it using fbm_instr() -- the Boyer-Moore algorithm.

	void	fbm_compile(SV* sv, U32 flags)
fbm_instr 

Returns the location of the SV in the string delimited by str and strend. It returns Nullch if the string can't be found. The sv does not have to be fbm_compiled, but the search will not be as fast then.

	char*	fbm_instr(unsigned char* big, unsigned char* bigend, SV* littlesv, U32 flags)
FREETMPS 

Closing bracket for temporaries on a callback. See SAVETMPS and perlcall.

		FREETMPS;
get_av 

Returns the AV of the specified Perl array. If create is set and the Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If create is not set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.

NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.

	AV*	get_av(const char* name, I32 create)
get_cv 

Returns the CV of the specified Perl subroutine. If create is set and the Perl subroutine does not exist then it will be declared (which has the same effect as saying sub name;). If create is not set and the subroutine does not exist then NULL is returned.

NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.

	CV*	get_cv(const char* name, I32 create)
get_hv 

Returns the HV of the specified Perl hash. If create is set and the Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If create is not set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.

NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.

	HV*	get_hv(const char* name, I32 create)
get_sv 

Returns the SV of the specified Perl scalar. If create is set and the Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If create is not set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.

NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.

	SV*	get_sv(const char* name, I32 create)
GIMME 

A backward-compatible version of GIMME_V which can only return G_SCALAR or G_ARRAY; in a void context, it returns G_SCALAR. Deprecated. Use GIMME_V instead.

	U32	GIMME
GIMME_V 

The XSUB-writer's equivalent to Perl's wantarray. Returns G_VOID, G_SCALAR or G_ARRAY for void, scalar or array context, respectively.

	U32	GIMME_V
GvSV 

Return the SV from the GV.

	SV*	GvSV(GV* gv)
gv_fetchmeth 

Returns the glob with the given name and a defined subroutine or NULL. The glob lives in the given stash, or in the stashes accessible via @ISA and @UNIVERSAL.

The argument level should be either 0 or -1. If level==0, as a side-effect creates a glob with the given name in the given stash which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes.

This function grants "SUPER" token as a postfix of the stash name. The GV returned from gv_fetchmeth may be a method cache entry, which is not visible to Perl code. So when calling call_sv, you should not use the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be obtained from the GV with the GvCV macro.

	GV*	gv_fetchmeth(HV* stash, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
gv_fetchmethod 

See gv_fetchmethod_autoload.

	GV*	gv_fetchmethod(HV* stash, const char* name)
gv_fetchmethod_autoload 

Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method on the stash. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is already setup.

The third parameter of gv_fetchmethod_autoload determines whether AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD. Calling gv_fetchmethod is equivalent to calling gv_fetchmethod_autoload with a non-zero autoload parameter.

These functions grant "SUPER" token as a prefix of the method name. Note that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob created via a side effect to do this.

These functions have the same side-effects and as gv_fetchmeth with level==0. name should be writable if contains ':' or ' ''. The warning against passing the GV returned by gv_fetchmeth to call_sv apply equally to these functions.

	GV*	gv_fetchmethod_autoload(HV* stash, const char* name, I32 autoload)
gv_stashpv 

Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. name should be a valid UTF-8 string. If create is set then the package will be created if it does not already exist. If create is not set and the package does not exist then NULL is returned.

	HV*	gv_stashpv(const char* name, I32 create)
gv_stashsv 

Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, which must be a valid UTF-8 string. See gv_stashpv.

	HV*	gv_stashsv(SV* sv, I32 create)
G_ARRAY 

Used to indicate array context. See GIMME_V, GIMME and perlcall.

G_DISCARD 

Indicates that arguments returned from a callback should be discarded. See perlcall.

G_EVAL 

Used to force a Perl eval wrapper around a callback. See perlcall.

G_NOARGS 

Indicates that no arguments are being sent to a callback. See perlcall.

G_SCALAR 

Used to indicate scalar context. See GIMME_V, GIMME, and perlcall.

G_VOID 

Used to indicate void context. See GIMME_V and perlcall.

HEf_SVKEY 

This flag, used in the length slot of hash entries and magic structures, specifies the structure contains a SV* pointer where a char* pointer is to be expected. (For information only--not to be used).

HeHASH 

Returns the computed hash stored in the hash entry.

	U32	HeHASH(HE* he)
HeKEY 

Returns the actual pointer stored in the key slot of the hash entry. The pointer may be either char* or SV*, depending on the value of HeKLEN(). Can be assigned to. The HePV() or HeSVKEY() macros are usually preferable for finding the value of a key.

	void*	HeKEY(HE* he)
HeKLEN 

If this is negative, and amounts to HEf_SVKEY, it indicates the entry holds an SV* key. Otherwise, holds the actual length of the key. Can be assigned to. The HePV() macro is usually preferable for finding key lengths.

	STRLEN	HeKLEN(HE* he)
HePV 

Returns the key slot of the hash entry as a char* value, doing any necessary dereferencing of possibly SV* keys. The length of the string is placed in len (this is a macro, so do not use &len). If you do not care about what the length of the key is, you may use the global variable PL_na, though this is rather less efficient than using a local variable. Remember though, that hash keys in perl are free to contain embedded nulls, so using strlen() or similar is not a good way to find the length of hash keys. This is very similar to the SvPV() macro described elsewhere in this document.

	char*	HePV(HE* he, STRLEN len)
HeSVKEY 

Returns the key as an SV*, or Nullsv if the hash entry does not contain an SV* key.

	SV*	HeSVKEY(HE* he)
HeSVKEY_force 

Returns the key as an SV*. Will create and return a temporary mortal SV* if the hash entry contains only a char* key.

	SV*	HeSVKEY_force(HE* he)
HeSVKEY_set 

Sets the key to a given SV*, taking care to set the appropriate flags to indicate the presence of an SV* key, and returns the same SV*.

	SV*	HeSVKEY_set(HE* he, SV* sv)
HeVAL 

Returns the value slot (type SV*) stored in the hash entry.

	SV*	HeVAL(HE* he)
HvNAME 

Returns the package name of a stash. See SvSTASH, CvSTASH.

	char*	HvNAME(HV* stash)
hv_clear 

Clears a hash, making it empty.

	void	hv_clear(HV* tb)
hv_delete 

Deletes a key/value pair in the hash. The value SV is removed from the hash and returned to the caller. The klen is the length of the key. The flags value will normally be zero; if set to G_DISCARD then NULL will be returned.

	SV*	hv_delete(HV* tb, const char* key, U32 klen, I32 flags)
hv_delete_ent 

Deletes a key/value pair in the hash. The value SV is removed from the hash and returned to the caller. The flags value will normally be zero; if set to G_DISCARD then NULL will be returned. hash can be a valid precomputed hash value, or 0 to ask for it to be computed.

	SV*	hv_delete_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, I32 flags, U32 hash)
hv_exists 

Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified hash key exists. The klen is the length of the key.

	bool	hv_exists(HV* tb, const char* key, U32 klen)
hv_exists_ent 

Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified hash key exists. hash can be a valid precomputed hash value, or 0 to ask for it to be computed.

	bool	hv_exists_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, U32 hash)
hv_fetch 

Returns the SV which corresponds to the specified key in the hash. The klen is the length of the key. If lval is set then the fetch will be part of a store. Check that the return value is non-null before dereferencing it to a SV*.

See Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays in the perlguts reference page for more information on how to use this function on tied hashes.

	SV**	hv_fetch(HV* tb, const char* key, U32 klen, I32 lval)
hv_fetch_ent 

Returns the hash entry which corresponds to the specified key in the hash. hash must be a valid precomputed hash number for the given key, or 0 if you want the function to compute it. IF lval is set then the fetch will be part of a store. Make sure the return value is non-null before accessing it. The return value when tb is a tied hash is a pointer to a static location, so be sure to make a copy of the structure if you need to store it somewhere.

See Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays in the perlguts reference page for more information on how to use this function on tied hashes.

	HE*	hv_fetch_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, I32 lval, U32 hash)
hv_iterinit 

Prepares a starting point to traverse a hash table. Returns the number of keys in the hash (i.e. the same as HvKEYS(tb)). The return value is currently only meaningful for hashes without tie magic.

NOTE: Before version 5.004_65, hv_iterinit used to return the number of hash buckets that happen to be in use. If you still need that esoteric value, you can get it through the macro HvFILL(tb).

	I32	hv_iterinit(HV* tb)
hv_iterkey 

Returns the key from the current position of the hash iterator. See hv_iterinit.

	char*	hv_iterkey(HE* entry, I32* retlen)
hv_iterkeysv 

Returns the key as an SV* from the current position of the hash iterator. The return value will always be a mortal copy of the key. Also see hv_iterinit.

	SV*	hv_iterkeysv(HE* entry)
hv_iternext 

Returns entries from a hash iterator. See hv_iterinit.

	HE*	hv_iternext(HV* tb)
hv_iternextsv 

Performs an hv_iternext, hv_iterkey, and hv_iterval in one operation.

	SV*	hv_iternextsv(HV* hv, char** key, I32* retlen)
hv_iterval 

Returns the value from the current position of the hash iterator. See hv_iterkey.

	SV*	hv_iterval(HV* tb, HE* entry)
hv_magic 

Adds magic to a hash. See sv_magic.

	void	hv_magic(HV* hv, GV* gv, int how)
hv_store 

Stores an SV in a hash. The hash key is specified as key and klen is the length of the key. The hash parameter is the precomputed hash value; if it is zero then Perl will compute it. The return value will be NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not need to be actually stored within the hash (as in the case of tied hashes). Otherwise it can be dereferenced to get the original SV*. Note that the caller is responsible for suitably incrementing the reference count of val before the call, and decrementing it if the function returned NULL.

See Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays in the perlguts reference page for more information on how to use this function on tied hashes.

	SV**	hv_store(HV* tb, const char* key, U32 klen, SV* val, U32 hash)
hv_store_ent 

Stores val in a hash. The hash key is specified as key. The hash parameter is the precomputed hash value; if it is zero then Perl will compute it. The return value is the new hash entry so created. It will be NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not need to be actually stored within the hash (as in the case of tied hashes). Otherwise the contents of the return value can be accessed using the He??? macros described here. Note that the caller is responsible for suitably incrementing the reference count of val before the call, and decrementing it if the function returned NULL.

See Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays in the perlguts reference page for more information on how to use this function on tied hashes.

	HE*	hv_store_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, SV* val, U32 hash)
hv_undef 

Undefines the hash.

	void	hv_undef(HV* tb)
isALNUM 

Returns a boolean indicating whether the C char is an ascii alphanumeric character or digit.

	bool	isALNUM(char ch)
isALPHA 

Returns a boolean indicating whether the C char is an ascii alphabetic character.

	bool	isALPHA(char ch)
isDIGIT 

Returns a boolean indicating whether the C char is an ascii digit.

	bool	isDIGIT(char ch)
isLOWER 

Returns a boolean indicating whether the C char is a lowercase character.

	bool	isLOWER(char ch)
isSPACE 

Returns a boolean indicating whether the C char is whitespace.

	bool	isSPACE(char ch)
isUPPER 

Returns a boolean indicating whether the C char is an uppercase character.

	bool	isUPPER(char ch)
items 

Variable which is setup by xsubpp to indicate the number of items on the stack. See Variable-length Parameter Lists in the perlxs reference page.

	I32	items
ix 

Variable which is setup by xsubpp to indicate which of an XSUB's aliases was used to invoke it. See The ALIAS: Keyword in the perlxs reference page.

	I32	ix
LEAVE 

Closing bracket on a callback. See ENTER and perlcall.

		LEAVE;
looks_like_number 

Test if an the content of an SV looks like a number (or is a number).

	I32	looks_like_number(SV* sv)
MARK 

Stack marker variable for the XSUB. See dMARK.

mg_clear 

Clear something magical that the SV represents. See sv_magic.

	int	mg_clear(SV* sv)
mg_copy 

Copies the magic from one SV to another. See sv_magic.

	int	mg_copy(SV* sv, SV* nsv, const char* key, I32 klen)
mg_find 

Finds the magic pointer for type matching the SV. See sv_magic.

	MAGIC*	mg_find(SV* sv, int type)
mg_free 

Free any magic storage used by the SV. See sv_magic.

	int	mg_free(SV* sv)
mg_get 

Do magic after a value is retrieved from the SV. See sv_magic.

	int	mg_get(SV* sv)
mg_length 

Report on the SV's length. See sv_magic.

	U32	mg_length(SV* sv)
mg_magical 

Turns on the magical status of an SV. See sv_magic.

	void	mg_magical(SV* sv)
mg_set 

Do magic after a value is assigned to the SV. See sv_magic.

	int	mg_set(SV* sv)
Move 

The XSUB-writer's interface to the C memmove function. The src is the source, dest is the destination, nitems is the number of items, and type is the type. Can do overlapping moves. See also Copy.

	void	Move(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
New 

The XSUB-writer's interface to the C malloc function.

	void	New(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
newAV 

Creates a new AV. The reference count is set to 1.

	AV*	newAV()
Newc 

The XSUB-writer's interface to the C malloc function, with cast.

	void	Newc(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
newCONSTSUB 

Creates a constant sub equivalent to Perl sub FOO () { 123 } which is eligible for inlining at compile-time.

	void	newCONSTSUB(HV* stash, char* name, SV* sv)
newHV 

Creates a new HV. The reference count is set to 1.

	HV*	newHV()
newRV_inc 

Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original SV is incremented.

	SV*	newRV_inc(SV* sv)
newRV_noinc 

Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original SV is not incremented.

	SV*	newRV_noinc(SV *sv)
NEWSV 

Creates a new SV. A non-zero len parameter indicates the number of bytes of preallocated string space the SV should have. An extra byte for a tailing NUL is also reserved. (SvPOK is not set for the SV even if string space is allocated.) The reference count for the new SV is set to 1. id is an integer id between 0 and 1299 (used to identify leaks).

	SV*	NEWSV(int id, STRLEN len)
newSViv 

Creates a new SV and copies an integer into it. The reference count for the SV is set to 1.

	SV*	newSViv(IV i)
newSVnv 

Creates a new SV and copies a floating point value into it. The reference count for the SV is set to 1.

	SV*	newSVnv(NV n)
newSVpv 

Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the SV is set to 1. If len is zero, Perl will compute the length using strlen(). For efficiency, consider using newSVpvn instead.

	SV*	newSVpv(const char* s, STRLEN len)
newSVpvf 

Creates a new SV an initialize it with the string formatted like sprintf.

	SV*	newSVpvf(const char* pat, ...)
newSVpvn 

Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the SV is set to 1. Note that if len is zero, Perl will create a zero length string. You are responsible for ensuring that the source string is at least len bytes long.

	SV*	newSVpvn(const char* s, STRLEN len)
newSVrv 

Creates a new SV for the RV, rv, to point to. If rv is not an RV then it will be upgraded to one. If classname is non-null then the new SV will be blessed in the specified package. The new SV is returned and its reference count is 1.

	SV*	newSVrv(SV* rv, const char* classname)
newSVsv 

Creates a new SV which is an exact duplicate of the original SV.

	SV*	newSVsv(SV* old)
newSVuv 

Creates a new SV and copies an unsigned integer into it. The reference count for the SV is set to 1.

	SV*	newSVuv(UV u)
newXS 

Used by xsubpp to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs.

newXSproto 

Used by xsubpp to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs. Adds Perl prototypes to the subs.

Newz 

The XSUB-writer's interface to the C malloc function. The allocated memory is zeroed with memzero.

	void	Newz(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
Nullav 

Null AV pointer.

Nullch 

Null character pointer.

Nullcv 

Null CV pointer.

Nullhv 

Null HV pointer.

Nullsv 

Null SV pointer.

ORIGMARK 

The original stack mark for the XSUB. See dORIGMARK.

perl_alloc 

Allocates a new Perl interpreter. See perlembed.

	PerlInterpreter*	perl_alloc()
perl_construct 

Initializes a new Perl interpreter. See perlembed.

	void	perl_construct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
perl_destruct 

Shuts down a Perl interpreter. See perlembed.

	void	perl_destruct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
perl_free 

Releases a Perl interpreter. See perlembed.

	void	perl_free(PerlInterpreter* interp)
perl_parse 

Tells a Perl interpreter to parse a Perl script. See perlembed.

	int	perl_parse(PerlInterpreter* interp, XSINIT_t xsinit, int argc, char** argv, char** env)
perl_run 

Tells a Perl interpreter to run. See perlembed.

	int	perl_run(PerlInterpreter* interp)
PL_DBsingle 

When Perl is run in debugging mode, with the -d switch, this SV is a boolean which indicates whether subs are being single-stepped. Single-stepping is automatically turned on after every step. This is the C variable which corresponds to Perl's $DB::single variable. See PL_DBsub.

	SV *	PL_DBsingle
PL_DBsub 

When Perl is run in debugging mode, with the -d switch, this GV contains the SV which holds the name of the sub being debugged. This is the C variable which corresponds to Perl's $DB::sub variable. See PL_DBsingle.

	GV *	PL_DBsub
PL_DBtrace 

Trace variable used when Perl is run in debugging mode, with the -d switch. This is the C variable which corresponds to Perl's $DB::trace variable. See PL_DBsingle.

	SV *	PL_DBtrace
PL_dowarn 

The C variable which corresponds to Perl's $^W warning variable.

	bool	PL_dowarn
PL_modglobal 

PL_modglobal is a general purpose, interpreter global HV for use by extensions that need to keep information on a per-interpreter basis. In a pinch, it can also be used as a symbol table for extensions to share data among each other. It is a good idea to use keys prefixed by the package name of the extension that owns the data.

	HV*	PL_modglobal
PL_na 

A convenience variable which is typically used with SvPV when one doesn't care about the length of the string. It is usually more efficient to either declare a local variable and use that instead or to use the SvPV_nolen macro.

	STRLEN	PL_na
PL_sv_no 

This is the false SV. See PL_sv_yes. Always refer to this as &PL_sv_no.

	SV	PL_sv_no
PL_sv_undef 

This is the undef SV. Always refer to this as &PL_sv_undef.

	SV	PL_sv_undef
PL_sv_yes 

This is the true SV. See PL_sv_no. Always refer to this as &PL_sv_yes.

	SV	PL_sv_yes
POPi 

Pops an integer off the stack.

	IV	POPi
POPl 

Pops a long off the stack.

	long	POPl
POPn 

Pops a double off the stack.

	NV	POPn
POPp 

Pops a string off the stack.

	char*	POPp
POPs 

Pops an SV off the stack.

	SV*	POPs
PUSHi 

Push an integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element. Handles 'set' magic. See XPUSHi.

	void	PUSHi(IV iv)
PUSHMARK 

Opening bracket for arguments on a callback. See PUTBACK and perlcall.

		PUSHMARK;
PUSHn 

Push a double onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element. Handles 'set' magic. See XPUSHn.

	void	PUSHn(NV nv)
PUSHp 

Push a string onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element. The len indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See XPUSHp.

	void	PUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
PUSHs 

Push an SV onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element. Does not handle 'set' magic. See XPUSHs.

	void	PUSHs(SV* sv)
PUSHu 

Push an unsigned integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element. See XPUSHu.

	void	PUSHu(UV uv)
PUTBACK 

Closing bracket for XSUB arguments. This is usually handled by xsubpp. See PUSHMARK and perlcall for other uses.

		PUTBACK;
Renew 

The XSUB-writer's interface to the C realloc function.

	void	Renew(void* ptr, int nitems, type)
Renewc 

The XSUB-writer's interface to the C realloc function, with cast.

	void	Renewc(void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
require_pv 

Tells Perl to require a module.

NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.

	void	require_pv(const char* pv)
RETVAL 

Variable which is setup by xsubpp to hold the return value for an XSUB. This is always the proper type for the XSUB. See The RETVAL Variable in the perlxs reference page.

	(whatever)	RETVAL
Safefree 

The XSUB-writer's interface to the C free function.

	void	Safefree(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
savepv 

Copy a string to a safe spot. This does not use an SV.

	char*	savepv(const char* sv)
savepvn 

Copy a string to a safe spot. The len indicates number of bytes to copy. This does not use an SV.

	char*	savepvn(const char* sv, I32 len)
SAVETMPS 

Opening bracket for temporaries on a callback. See FREETMPS and perlcall.

		SAVETMPS;
SP 

Stack pointer. This is usually handled by xsubpp. See dSP and SPAGAIN.

SPAGAIN 

Refetch the stack pointer. Used after a callback. See perlcall.

		SPAGAIN;
ST 

Used to access elements on the XSUB's stack.

	SV*	ST(int ix)
strEQ 

Test two strings to see if they are equal. Returns true or false.

	bool	strEQ(char* s1, char* s2)
strGE 

Test two strings to see if the first, s1, is greater than or equal to the second, s2. Returns true or false.

	bool	strGE(char* s1, char* s2)
strGT 

Test two strings to see if the first, s1, is greater than the second, s2. Returns true or false.

	bool	strGT(char* s1, char* s2)
strLE 

Test two strings to see if the first, s1, is less than or equal to the second, s2. Returns true or false.

	bool	strLE(char* s1, char* s2)
strLT 

Test two strings to see if the first, s1, is less than the second, s2. Returns true or false.

	bool	strLT(char* s1, char* s2)
strNE 

Test two strings to see if they are different. Returns true or false.

	bool	strNE(char* s1, char* s2)
strnEQ 

Test two strings to see if they are equal. The len parameter indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A wrapper for strncmp).

	bool	strnEQ(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
strnNE 

Test two strings to see if they are different. The len parameter indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A wrapper for strncmp).

	bool	strnNE(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
StructCopy 

This is an architecture-independant macro to copy one structure to another.

	void	StructCopy(type src, type dest, type)
SvCUR 

Returns the length of the string which is in the SV. See SvLEN.

	STRLEN	SvCUR(SV* sv)
SvCUR_set 

Set the length of the string which is in the SV. See SvCUR.

	void	SvCUR_set(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
SvEND 

Returns a pointer to the last character in the string which is in the SV. See SvCUR. Access the character as *(SvEND(sv)).

	char*	SvEND(SV* sv)
SvGETMAGIC 

Invokes mg_get on an SV if it has 'get' magic. This macro evaluates its argument more than once.

	void	SvGETMAGIC(SV* sv)
SvGROW 

Expands the character buffer in the SV so that it has room for the indicated number of bytes (remember to reserve space for an extra trailing NUL character). Calls sv_grow to perform the expansion if necessary. Returns a pointer to the character buffer.

	void	SvGROW(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
SvIOK 

Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an integer.

	bool	SvIOK(SV* sv)
SvIOKp 

Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an integer. Checks the private setting. Use SvIOK.

	bool	SvIOKp(SV* sv)
SvIOK_off 

Unsets the IV status of an SV.

	void	SvIOK_off(SV* sv)
SvIOK_on 

Tells an SV that it is an integer.

	void	SvIOK_on(SV* sv)
SvIOK_only 

Tells an SV that it is an integer and disables all other OK bits.

	void	SvIOK_only(SV* sv)
SvIV 

Coerces the given SV to an integer and returns it.

	IV	SvIV(SV* sv)
SvIVX 

Returns the integer which is stored in the SV, assuming SvIOK is true.

	IV	SvIVX(SV* sv)
SvLEN 

Returns the size of the string buffer in the SV. See SvCUR.

	STRLEN	SvLEN(SV* sv)
SvNIOK 

Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a number, integer or double.

	bool	SvNIOK(SV* sv)
SvNIOKp 

Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a number, integer or double. Checks the private setting. Use SvNIOK.

	bool	SvNIOKp(SV* sv)
SvNIOK_off 

Unsets the NV/IV status of an SV.

	void	SvNIOK_off(SV* sv)
SvNOK 

Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a double.

	bool	SvNOK(SV* sv)
SvNOKp 

Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a double. Checks the private setting. Use SvNOK.

	bool	SvNOKp(SV* sv)
SvNOK_off 

Unsets the NV status of an SV.

	void	SvNOK_off(SV* sv)
SvNOK_on 

Tells an SV that it is a double.

	void	SvNOK_on(SV* sv)
SvNOK_only 

Tells an SV that it is a double and disables all other OK bits.

	void	SvNOK_only(SV* sv)
SvNV 

Coerce the given SV to a double and return it.

	NV	SvNV(SV* sv)
SvNVX 

Returns the double which is stored in the SV, assuming SvNOK is true.

	NV	SvNVX(SV* sv)
SvOK 

Returns a boolean indicating whether the value is an SV.

	bool	SvOK(SV* sv)
SvOOK 

Returns a boolean indicating whether the SvIVX is a valid offset value for the SvPVX. This hack is used internally to speed up removal of characters from the beginning of a SvPV. When SvOOK is true, then the start of the allocated string buffer is really (SvPVX - SvIVX).

	bool	SvOOK(SV* sv)
SvPOK 

Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a character string.

	bool	SvPOK(SV* sv)
SvPOKp 

Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a character string. Checks the private setting. Use SvPOK.

	bool	SvPOKp(SV* sv)
SvPOK_off 

Unsets the PV status of an SV.

	void	SvPOK_off(SV* sv)
SvPOK_on 

Tells an SV that it is a string.

	void	SvPOK_on(SV* sv)
SvPOK_only 

Tells an SV that it is a string and disables all other OK bits.

	void	SvPOK_only(SV* sv)
SvPV 

Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of the SV if the SV does not contain a string. Handles 'get' magic.

	char*	SvPV(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
SvPVX 

Returns a pointer to the string in the SV. The SV must contain a string.

	char*	SvPVX(SV* sv)
SvPV_force 

Like <SvPV> but will force the SV into becoming a string (SvPOK). You want force if you are going to update the SvPVX directly.

	char*	SvPV_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
SvPV_nolen 

Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of the SV if the SV does not contain a string. Handles 'get' magic.

	char*	SvPV_nolen(SV* sv)
SvREFCNT 

Returns the value of the object's reference count.

	U32	SvREFCNT(SV* sv)
SvREFCNT_dec 

Decrements the reference count of the given SV.

	void	SvREFCNT_dec(SV* sv)
SvREFCNT_inc 

Increments the reference count of the given SV.

	SV*	SvREFCNT_inc(SV* sv)
SvROK 

Tests if the SV is an RV.

	bool	SvROK(SV* sv)
SvROK_off 

Unsets the RV status of an SV.

	void	SvROK_off(SV* sv)
SvROK_on 

Tells an SV that it is an RV.

	void	SvROK_on(SV* sv)
SvRV 

Dereferences an RV to return the SV.

	SV*	SvRV(SV* sv)
SvSETMAGIC 

Invokes mg_set on an SV if it has 'set' magic. This macro evaluates its argument more than once.

	void	SvSETMAGIC(SV* sv)
SvSetSV 

Calls sv_setsv if dsv is not the same as ssv. May evaluate arguments more than once.

	void	SvSetSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv)
SvSetSV_nosteal 

Calls a non-destructive version of sv_setsv if dsv is not the same as ssv. May evaluate arguments more than once.

	void	SvSetSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
SvSTASH 

Returns the stash of the SV.

	HV*	SvSTASH(SV* sv)
SvTAINT 

Taints an SV if tainting is enabled

	void	SvTAINT(SV* sv)
SvTAINTED 

Checks to see if an SV is tainted. Returns TRUE if it is, FALSE if not.

	bool	SvTAINTED(SV* sv)
SvTAINTED_off 

Untaints an SV. Be very careful with this routine, as it short-circuits some of Perl's fundamental security features. XS module authors should not use this function unless they fully understand all the implications of unconditionally untainting the value. Untainting should be done in the standard perl fashion, via a carefully crafted regexp, rather than directly untainting variables.

	void	SvTAINTED_off(SV* sv)
SvTAINTED_on 

Marks an SV as tainted.

	void	SvTAINTED_on(SV* sv)
SvTRUE 

Returns a boolean indicating whether Perl would evaluate the SV as true or false, defined or undefined. Does not handle 'get' magic.

	bool	SvTRUE(SV* sv)
SvTYPE 

Returns the type of the SV. See svtype.

	svtype	SvTYPE(SV* sv)
svtype 

An enum of flags for Perl types. These are found in the file sv.h in the svtype enum. Test these flags with the SvTYPE macro.

SVt_IV 

Integer type flag for scalars. See svtype.

SVt_NV 

Double type flag for scalars. See svtype.

SVt_PV 

Pointer type flag for scalars. See svtype.

SVt_PVAV 

Type flag for arrays. See svtype.

SVt_PVCV 

Type flag for code refs. See svtype.

SVt_PVHV 

Type flag for hashes. See svtype.

SVt_PVMG 

Type flag for blessed scalars. See svtype.

SvUPGRADE 

Used to upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Uses sv_upgrade to perform the upgrade if necessary. See svtype.

	void	SvUPGRADE(SV* sv, svtype type)
SvUV 

Coerces the given SV to an unsigned integer and returns it.

	UV	SvUV(SV* sv)
SvUVX 

Returns the unsigned integer which is stored in the SV, assuming SvIOK is true.

	UV	SvUVX(SV* sv)
sv_2mortal 

Marks an SV as mortal. The SV will be destroyed when the current context ends.

	SV*	sv_2mortal(SV* sv)
sv_bless 

Blesses an SV into a specified package. The SV must be an RV. The package must be designated by its stash (see gv_stashpv()). The reference count of the SV is unaffected.

	SV*	sv_bless(SV* sv, HV* stash)
sv_catpv 

Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See sv_catpv_mg.

	void	sv_catpv(SV* sv, const char* ptr)
sv_catpvf 

Processes its arguments like sprintf and appends the formatted output to an SV. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. SvSETMAGIC() must typically be called after calling this function to handle 'set' magic.

	void	sv_catpvf(SV* sv, const char* pat, ...)
sv_catpvf_mg 

Like sv_catpvf, but also handles 'set' magic.

	void	sv_catpvf_mg(SV *sv, const char* pat, ...)
sv_catpvn 

Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV. The len indicates number of bytes to copy. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See sv_catpvn_mg.

	void	sv_catpvn(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len)
sv_catpvn_mg 

Like sv_catpvn, but also handles 'set' magic.

	void	sv_catpvn_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr, STRLEN len)
sv_catpv_mg 

Like sv_catpv, but also handles 'set' magic.

	void	sv_catpv_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr)
sv_catsv 

Concatenates the string from SV ssv onto the end of the string in SV dsv. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See sv_catsv_mg.

	void	sv_catsv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
sv_catsv_mg 

Like sv_catsv, but also handles 'set' magic.

	void	sv_catsv_mg(SV *dstr, SV *sstr)
sv_chop 

Efficient removal of characters from the beginning of the string buffer. SvPOK(sv) must be true and the ptr must be a pointer to somewhere inside the string buffer. The ptr becomes the first character of the adjusted string.

	void	sv_chop(SV* sv, char* ptr)
sv_cmp 

Compares the strings in two SVs. Returns -1, 0, or 1 indicating whether the string in sv1 is less than, equal to, or greater than the string in sv2.

	I32	sv_cmp(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
sv_dec 

Auto-decrement of the value in the SV.

	void	sv_dec(SV* sv)
sv_derived_from 

Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is derived from the specified class. This is the function that implements UNIVERSAL::isa. It works for class names as well as for objects.

	bool	sv_derived_from(SV* sv, const char* name)
sv_eq 

Returns a boolean indicating whether the strings in the two SVs are identical.

	I32	sv_eq(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
sv_grow 

Expands the character buffer in the SV. This will use sv_unref and will upgrade the SV to SVt_PV. Returns a pointer to the character buffer. Use SvGROW.

	char*	sv_grow(SV* sv, STRLEN newlen)
sv_inc 

Auto-increment of the value in the SV.

	void	sv_inc(SV* sv)
sv_insert 

Inserts a string at the specified offset/length within the SV. Similar to the Perl substr() function.

	void	sv_insert(SV* bigsv, STRLEN offset, STRLEN len, char* little, STRLEN littlelen)
sv_isa 

Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is blessed into the specified class. This does not check for subtypes; use sv_derived_from to verify an inheritance relationship.

	int	sv_isa(SV* sv, const char* name)
sv_isobject 

Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is an RV pointing to a blessed object. If the SV is not an RV, or if the object is not blessed, then this will return false.

	int	sv_isobject(SV* sv)
sv_len 

Returns the length of the string in the SV. See also SvCUR.

	STRLEN	sv_len(SV* sv)
sv_magic 

Adds magic to an SV.

	void	sv_magic(SV* sv, SV* obj, int how, const char* name, I32 namlen)
sv_mortalcopy 

Creates a new SV which is a copy of the original SV. The new SV is marked as mortal.

	SV*	sv_mortalcopy(SV* oldsv)
sv_newmortal 

Creates a new SV which is mortal. The reference count of the SV is set to 1.

	SV*	sv_newmortal()
sv_setiv 

Copies an integer into the given SV. Does not handle 'set' magic. See sv_setiv_mg.

	void	sv_setiv(SV* sv, IV num)
sv_setiv_mg 

Like sv_setiv, but also handles 'set' magic.

	void	sv_setiv_mg(SV *sv, IV i)
sv_setnv 

Copies a double into the given SV. Does not handle 'set' magic. See sv_setnv_mg.

	void	sv_setnv(SV* sv, NV num)
sv_setnv_mg 

Like sv_setnv, but also handles 'set' magic.

	void	sv_setnv_mg(SV *sv, NV num)
sv_setpv 

Copies a string into an SV. The string must be null-terminated. Does not handle 'set' magic. See sv_setpv_mg.

	void	sv_setpv(SV* sv, const char* ptr)
sv_setpvf 

Processes its arguments like sprintf and sets an SV to the formatted output. Does not handle 'set' magic. See sv_setpvf_mg.

	void	sv_setpvf(SV* sv, const char* pat, ...)
sv_setpvf_mg 

Like sv_setpvf, but also handles 'set' magic.

	void	sv_setpvf_mg(SV *sv, const char* pat, ...)
sv_setpviv 

Copies an integer into the given SV, also updating its string value. Does not handle 'set' magic. See sv_setpviv_mg.

	void	sv_setpviv(SV* sv, IV num)
sv_setpviv_mg 

Like sv_setpviv, but also handles 'set' magic.

	void	sv_setpviv_mg(SV *sv, IV iv)
sv_setpvn 

Copies a string into an SV. The len parameter indicates the number of bytes to be copied. Does not handle 'set' magic. See sv_setpvn_mg.

	void	sv_setpvn(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len)
sv_setpvn_mg 

Like sv_setpvn, but also handles 'set' magic.

	void	sv_setpvn_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr, STRLEN len)
sv_setpv_mg 

Like sv_setpv, but also handles 'set' magic.

	void	sv_setpv_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr)
sv_setref_iv 

Copies an integer into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The rv argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to the new SV. The classname argument indicates the package for the blessing. Set classname to Nullch to avoid the blessing. The new SV will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.

	SV*	sv_setref_iv(SV* rv, const char* classname, IV iv)
sv_setref_nv 

Copies a double into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The rv argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to the new SV. The classname argument indicates the package for the blessing. Set classname to Nullch to avoid the blessing. The new SV will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.

	SV*	sv_setref_nv(SV* rv, const char* classname, NV nv)
sv_setref_pv 

Copies a pointer into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The rv argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to the new SV. If the pv argument is NULL then PL_sv_undef will be placed into the SV. The classname argument indicates the package for the blessing. Set classname to Nullch to avoid the blessing. The new SV will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.

Do not use with other Perl types such as HV, AV, SV, CV, because those objects will become corrupted by the pointer copy process.

Note that sv_setref_pvn copies the string while this copies the pointer.

	SV*	sv_setref_pv(SV* rv, const char* classname, void* pv)
sv_setref_pvn 

Copies a string into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The length of the string must be specified with n. The rv argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to the new SV. The classname argument indicates the package for the blessing. Set classname to Nullch to avoid the blessing. The new SV will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.

Note that sv_setref_pv copies the pointer while this copies the string.

	SV*	sv_setref_pvn(SV* rv, const char* classname, char* pv, STRLEN n)
sv_setsv 

Copies the contents of the source SV ssv into the destination SV dsv. The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal. Does not handle 'set' magic. See the macro forms SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal and sv_setsv_mg.

	void	sv_setsv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
sv_setsv_mg 

Like sv_setsv, but also handles 'set' magic.

	void	sv_setsv_mg(SV *dstr, SV *sstr)
sv_setuv 

Copies an unsigned integer into the given SV. Does not handle 'set' magic. See sv_setuv_mg.

	void	sv_setuv(SV* sv, UV num)
sv_setuv_mg 

Like sv_setuv, but also handles 'set' magic.

	void	sv_setuv_mg(SV *sv, UV u)
sv_unref 

Unsets the RV status of the SV, and decrements the reference count of whatever was being referenced by the RV. This can almost be thought of as a reversal of newSVrv. See SvROK_off.

	void	sv_unref(SV* sv)
sv_upgrade 

Upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Use SvUPGRADE. See svtype.

	bool	sv_upgrade(SV* sv, U32 mt)
sv_usepvn 

Tells an SV to use ptr to find its string value. Normally the string is stored inside the SV but sv_usepvn allows the SV to use an outside string. The ptr should point to memory that was allocated by malloc. The string length, len, must be supplied. This function will realloc the memory pointed to by ptr, so that pointer should not be freed or used by the programmer after giving it to sv_usepvn. Does not handle 'set' magic. See sv_usepvn_mg.

	void	sv_usepvn(SV* sv, char* ptr, STRLEN len)
sv_usepvn_mg 

Like sv_usepvn, but also handles 'set' magic.

	void	sv_usepvn_mg(SV *sv, char *ptr, STRLEN len)
sv_vcatpvfn 

Processes its arguments like vsprintf and appends the formatted output to an SV. Uses an array of SVs if the C style variable argument list is missing (NULL). When running with taint checks enabled, indicates via maybe_tainted if results are untrustworthy (often due to the use of locales).

	void	sv_vcatpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
sv_vsetpvfn 

Works like vcatpvfn but copies the text into the SV instead of appending it.

	void	sv_vsetpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
THIS 

Variable which is setup by xsubpp to designate the object in a C++ XSUB. This is always the proper type for the C++ object. See CLASS and Using XS With C++ in the perlxs reference page.

	(whatever)	THIS
toLOWER 

Converts the specified character to lowercase.

	char	toLOWER(char ch)
toUPPER 

Converts the specified character to uppercase.

	char	toUPPER(char ch)
warn 

This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's warn function. Use this function the same way you use the C printf function. See croak.

	void	warn(const char* pat, ...)
XPUSHi 

Push an integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles 'set' magic. See PUSHi.

	void	XPUSHi(IV iv)
XPUSHn 

Push a double onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles 'set' magic. See PUSHn.

	void	XPUSHn(NV nv)
XPUSHp 

Push a string onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. The len indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See PUSHp.

	void	XPUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
XPUSHs 

Push an SV onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Does not handle 'set' magic. See PUSHs.

	void	XPUSHs(SV* sv)
XPUSHu 

Push an unsigned integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. See PUSHu.

	void	XPUSHu(UV uv)
XS 

Macro to declare an XSUB and its C parameter list. This is handled by xsubpp.

XSRETURN 

Return from XSUB, indicating number of items on the stack. This is usually handled by xsubpp.

	void	XSRETURN(int nitems)
XSRETURN_EMPTY 

Return an empty list from an XSUB immediately.

		XSRETURN_EMPTY;
XSRETURN_IV 

Return an integer from an XSUB immediately. Uses XST_mIV.

	void	XSRETURN_IV(IV iv)
XSRETURN_NO 

Return &PL_sv_no from an XSUB immediately. Uses XST_mNO.

		XSRETURN_NO;
XSRETURN_NV 

Return an double from an XSUB immediately. Uses XST_mNV.

	void	XSRETURN_NV(NV nv)
XSRETURN_PV 

Return a copy of a string from an XSUB immediately. Uses XST_mPV.

	void	XSRETURN_PV(char* str)
XSRETURN_UNDEF 

Return &PL_sv_undef from an XSUB immediately. Uses XST_mUNDEF.

		XSRETURN_UNDEF;
XSRETURN_YES 

Return &PL_sv_yes from an XSUB immediately. Uses XST_mYES.

		XSRETURN_YES;
XST_mIV 

Place an integer into the specified position pos on the stack. The value is stored in a new mortal SV.

	void	XST_mIV(int pos, IV iv)
XST_mNO 

Place &PL_sv_no into the specified position pos on the stack.

	void	XST_mNO(int pos)
XST_mNV 

Place a double into the specified position pos on the stack. The value is stored in a new mortal SV.

	void	XST_mNV(int pos, NV nv)
XST_mPV 

Place a copy of a string into the specified position pos on the stack. The value is stored in a new mortal SV.

	void	XST_mPV(int pos, char* str)
XST_mUNDEF 

Place &PL_sv_undef into the specified position pos on the stack.

	void	XST_mUNDEF(int pos)
XST_mYES 

Place &PL_sv_yes into the specified position pos on the stack.

	void	XST_mYES(int pos)
XS_VERSION 

The version identifier for an XS module. This is usually handled automatically by ExtUtils::MakeMaker. See XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK.

XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK 

Macro to verify that a PM module's $VERSION variable matches the XS module's XS_VERSION variable. This is usually handled automatically by xsubpp. See The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword in the perlxs reference page.

		XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK;
Zero 

The XSUB-writer's interface to the C memzero function. The dest is the destination, nitems is the number of items, and type is the type.

	void	Zero(void* dest, int nitems, type)


AUTHORS

Until May 1997, this document was maintained by Jeff Okamoto <okamoto@corp.hp.com>. It is now maintained as part of Perl itself.

With lots of help and suggestions from Dean Roehrich, Malcolm Beattie, Andreas Koenig, Paul Hudson, Ilya Zakharevich, Paul Marquess, Neil Bowers, Matthew Green, Tim Bunce, Spider Boardman, Ulrich Pfeifer, Stephen McCamant, and Gurusamy Sarathy.

API Listing originally by Dean Roehrich <roehrich@cray.com>.

Updated to be autogenerated from comments in the source by Benjamin Stuhl.


AVAILABILITY

MKS Toolkit for Power Users
MKS Toolkit for System Administrators
MKS Toolkit for Developers
MKS Toolkit for Interoperability
MKS Toolkit for Professional Developers
MKS Toolkit for Enterprise Developers
MKS Toolkit for Enterprise Developers 64-Bit Edition
MKS AlertCentre


SEE ALSO

Commands:
perl

Miscellaneous:
perl5004delta, perl5005delta, perlapio, perlbook, perlboot, perlbot, perlcall, perlcom, perlcompile, perldata, perldbmfilter, perldebguts, perldebug, perldelta, perldiag, perldsc, perlembed, perlfaq, perlfilter, perlfork, perlform, perlfunc, perlguts, perlhack, perlhist, perlipc, perllexwarn, perllol, perlmod, perlmodinstall, perlmodlib, perlnumber, perlobj, perlop, perlopentut, perlpod, perlport, perlre, perlref, perlreftut, perlsec, perlsock, perlstyle, perlsub, perlsyn, perlthrtut, perltie, perltodo, perltoot, perltootc, perltrap, perlunicode, perlvar, perlxs, perlxstut, win32